This is a side issue, but to solve the tuning problem, I'd recommend getting Wittner or Perfection Pegs. MUCH easier to tune, and things don't come out of tune nearly as readily to begin with. (The tuning on my violin gets checked when I go for my lesson, but it's not uncommon that it doesn't need any changes, and I almost never have to tune it at home.)

There's no way I can suggest a practice route that would help motivate you without doing what I would do with any beginning student?

What motivates you?  Why do you want to play the violin and/or get better at it?  Is it getting better at techniques?  Playing a particular genre or genres of music?  Playing with other people? What kind of playing with other people? Pickup jams with people on the street or in the park?  Clubs?  Orchestra?  Soloist in front of an orchestra?  All of those demand different skillsets and different practice regimes, and the driver that will keep you doing the things you need to do so that you can do the things you want to do will probably be different.

So what do you want, and why?

Secondary question, how long is a "short interval"?  I reactivated an old shoulder injury several months back (by changing strings!) and went through a period where I couldn't play more than 2-3 minutes at one time.  If a practice interval is that short, doing what Pierre suggested (some mix and match of at least a few different things to avoid boredom) isn't practical.   If "short" is a half hour, it is.

Another thing that would help with suggesting a routine, what things in the stuff you were doing before did you * like, * were neutral about, and * hated?  (If there wasn't anything you hated, that's fine. It's good, even.)