From my experience with students who haven't been playing that long and get a scratchy (ponticello) sound, 9 times out of 10, they are playing too close to the bridge. When you use the contact point which is closer to the bridge you need more downward bow pressure to equal the lack of free vibration which the bridge causes by holding those strings.
Often a new players bow wanders from close to the bridge to far away from the bridge with no determined contact point. This is caused by not drawing the bow straight. I use angled bowing in one direction and the opposite angle in the other direction just to bring my bow to the point I want at a specific time so bow angles can really move the position of the contact point drastically. As a beginner, try to learn to draw the bow as straight as possible with a contact point that is approximately half way between the bridge and the beginning of the fingerboard.

Next most common reason for that sound would be lack of bow pressure. If the bow doesn't press down enough to actually grab and pull the string it will glide over the string making a strange sound instead. You need just enough downward pressure to keep a constant and consistent vibration going similar to when one circles their wet finger on a crystal glass to make a tone. If one doesn't use enough pressure the glass doesn't vibrate to produce the sound.
Obviously too much pressure is not good either as it will stop the vibration if not equaled by the correct bow speed. Achieve adequate downward bow pressure by slightly turning your hand counter-clockwise allowing some of your natural arm weight to do the work rather than too much muscle or over tension. Try to find a relaxed way to add pressure if possible. For me, adding bow pressure relaxes my arm by relieving the amount of muscle needed that to hold my arm up (If that makes sense)...

Lastly, make sure your left hand finger tips actually do touch the fingerboard. Too little pressure won't give a good anchor adequate to produce good vibration. Compare your sound to an open string as an example of how easily the strings vibrate when securely anchored vs your fingers.
There is this story that I heard when doing a master class with Dorothy Delay back in the days about a famous soloist who revisited her and complained about his sound production (Don't remember the name of the soloist but it was an extremely famous one). She simply said, "didn't you used to use more left hand pressure?" The soloist simply applied slightly more pressure and the fantastic juicy rich sound that he had lost came back. He got so comfortable with his playing that he forgot to weight any importance on degree of pressure. It's also bad to press too hard but not because of sound production, rather for your fingers, vibrato, flexibility and future hand and finger issues.
Good luck and thanks for bringing up the issues at an early state.