Here's a link to something that maps the notes on the staff to the violin strings and fingering.  It does not take into account sharps and flats, but will help you to see which notes are in which strings.

https://www.teacherspayteacher.....lin-699126

I have recently started playing (after a 60 year break) and I'm using Essential Elements for Violin Interactive.  It is well organized and will help you get started, so I am another voice recommending you buy that.  Once you buy it, you register and it has online tools available as well as music tracks to play along with.  It shows you fingering, and which notes are which, and then introduces songs using that fingering.  Much easier than figuring it all out onyour own!

One thing people have been saying that may not be clear to you is that the song you are learning has 1 sharp on the F line before the notes start. This indicates a key signature.  It is a short-hand way of telling you that every F (including the F on the D string) will be played as F# unless it is specially designated as Natural (not sharp).  If the key signature has one sharp, it is always F#.

If there were 2 sharps, they would be C# and F#, and the same would be true -- every C and every F, no matter the string, would be played as a sharp unless specially designated as Natural.

Starting with no background is hard, without some structure.  It's no wonder you are confused.  You can order Essential Elements for Violin Interactive online.  Be sure it says Interactive so you get the online tools.  There's a version that's not interactive.  Get Book 1.  It will help you a lot.