Probably the easiest way to do it for guitar chords commonly found in pop/rock music is to just play the root and 5th as a "doublestop" for the chords.  Basically just playing 2 strings that are next to each other and holding them down at the same finger position with one finger.

I don't know how much of a beginner you are, so I'll explain a bit, and assume only that you know (or can find out) notes on the violin.

So from your first example, the G chord for guitar.  You can play the open G string and D string to get the root (G) and 5th (D).  Easy one there, the finger position would be "zero". 

For the Bm (B minor) you'd put your second finger down on the same strings so your second finger holds down the note B on your G string, and F# on your D string.  That will give you the root and 5th for the Bm chord.  

Playing just the root and 5th, you don't need to worry about whether the chord is major or minor or 7th, etc.  All the guitar chords you are *likely* to run into in 99.9% of pieces all use the root note and the 5th note, so it will fit if you're playing with other people or maybe just accompanying yourself to sing along or make a backing track to play along with.

If that is too easy and/or you want more options, mandolins are tuned the same as violins, so you can check a mandolin chord finder to get more note options to experiment with..

http://www.all-guitar-chords.c.....ndolin.php

Just remember that the mandolin frets are half steps, and not the violin or fiddle finger positions.  Any violin or fiddle chart that shows the fingerboard with ALL the note (including sharps and flats) can help you translate it to violin finger positions, if you find the frets a bit confusing at first.

Hope that helps?