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(3 votes) 
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Hi
first see this picture :
1- why the first tone G is open ? and how i know if the tone open or not ?
2- why the second tone A play on G string ? why not D or E ? and how i can know if it play on G string or other ?
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The G string is the lowest pitched string on the violin. An open G is the lowest pitched note you can play. The A shown on the G string is an octave lower than the A shown on the D string or open A string, and two octaves lower than the A shown on the E string. Try playing the different G notes one after the other to hear the difference.
Welcome to the forum and happy learning!
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thank you dear , but i did not mean the difference , i mean how i know it mean open ? and about the second note , how i know it should play on G string , how i know it's should not play on D or E string ?
if they did not write that in the picture , how can i know where should i play
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The low G can only be played open - any fingering on the G string brings it to a higher pitch than the low G. The notes shown in the diagram on the G string except the D are lower than all of the notes on the D string.
You have a choice of playing a fingered D on the G string or an open D on the D string. If you are using vibrato, you must do the fingered note, as you can't do vibrato on an open string.
Similarly, all of the notes shown on the D string except the A are lower than the notes on the A string, and the same goes for the E string versus the A string.
I hope this helps. If not, maybe someone more experienced can give a better explanation.
Honorary tenured advisor
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Playing the open G string, playing G on the D string, and play G on the E string give you three different notes that go by the same name.
When there is a chance of confusion, those three notes may be called G3, G4, and G5. They are different kinds of G notes.
Those three notes sound different, but they also sound somehow the same.
That is because they are octaves of each other.
The pitch of G4 is twice the pitch of G3, and the pitch of G5 is twice the pitch of G4.
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thanks to all , i understand now , i was not understand the picture well , thank you
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Glad you now understand. I was confused by the questions. LOL
I was going to say that they put a 0 under all the open strings. 
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but the one who needs the least."
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